<p>The Benton County Courthouse, located in Vinton, Iowa, United States, was built in 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the fourth building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Benton County&#39;s first courthouse was a log structure, but it did not have a roof or floor when they started to use it. The court met in a log home during inclement weather. Because of a dispute over the location of the county seat, the second courthouse stood unfinished until 1852 when the main floor of the frame structure was finished to provide space for a courtroom. County officers occupied two rooms in the unfinished second floor before the building was destroyed by fire the following year.</p><br>
<p>The county records were rescued by three men, one of whom died as a result of his injuries in the fire. The county&#39;s third courthouse was built at a cost of $13,000 and dedicated in December 1856. The two-story Federal-style brick building was capped with an octagon-shaped cupola. The second and third courthouses occupied the same location as the present courthouse. The cornerstone for it was laid on October 14, 1905, and it was completed in 1906 for $105,000.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Bell & Detweiler of Minneapolis, the present courthouse was built by George Rickman & Sons. A simplified version of the Beaux Arts style, the building features a 112 ft central tower, which makes it one of the local community&#39;s most prominent landmarks. It contains a four-faced illuminated clock, a 1,500 lb B-flat bell, and it is topped with a dome.</p><br>
<p>The two-story structure sits on a raised basement, and is made up of a central pavilion that is flanked by two side pavilions. The basement level of the building is composed of rusticated Kettle River sandstone while the upper two floors are clad in Buckeye gray sandstone. Beside the central tower, the central pavilion contains the only decorative elements of the building, which are found in its round-arch window and its pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The Sears–Ferris House, at 311 W Third Street in Carson City, Nevada, is a historic house built in 1863. It was owned from 1868 to 1890 by George Washington Gale Ferris Sr., father of George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., future inventor of the Ferris wheel. It has also been known as the G. W. G. Ferris House.</p><br>
<p>Originally built in about 1863 by Gregory A. Sears, a pioneer Carson City businessman, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places for Carson City in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It includes Colonial Revival and Georgian Revival architecture. This house is square in size and its measure is roughly sixty by sixty feet. It is currently under private ownership and not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Along with his family, Mr. Ferris arrived in Nevada as a gentleman farmer in 1864. Besides cultivating normal crops, he planted quite a few diversified trees. Mr. Ferris brought in many Eastern ornamental plants like hickory, black walnut and chestnut to Carson City. Several of those trees are at the Nevada State Capitol grounds till date.</p><br>
<p>George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., born in Galesburg, Illinois in 1859, was the most notable person related to this house, he was a little boy when his family shifted from their homestead in Carson Valley to the residence in Carson City. He went to military school for graduation in 1875. Later in 1881, Ferris, Jr. completed his graduation in engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He became famous in 1893 for inventing the Ferris Wheel situated at the World&#39;s Columbian Exposition in Chicago.</p><br>
<p>George Washington Gale Ferris, Sr. along with his wife Martha shifted to Riverside, California in 1881. Ferris Sr. sold the residence including a part of the block to Mary Ferris Ardery, his daughter in 1890 at $3,000. Mary changed the style of the front porch to a classical look.</p><br>
<p>In the twentieth century, the residence was owned by different owners: in 1922 the house was owned by the Mahers, Thurman Cross bought the house in 1956, in 1968 Ferdinand Hirzy took the ownership and Mr and Mrs Charles Herron moved in the house in July 1968.</p><br>
<p>The Boone County Courthouse, located in Boone, Iowa, United States, was built in 1917. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first county seat for Boone County was located in Boonesboro, and a double log house was used for court purposes. It was the first building constructed in town after it was declared the county seat in 1851. The first building to properly be called a courthouse was a two-story building constructed in 1856 at a cost of $2,100. When it was decided to build a new courthouse the town of Montana desired the new structure be built there. After two votes Boonesboro retained the county seat and a three-story brick courthouse was completed in 1868 for $35,000. It featured prominent porticos with full-height columns and a central tower capped with a dome that rose 68 ft above the ground. Amateur artists frescoed the walls over the years. Meanwhile, the town of Montana continued to grow and expand and changed its name to Boone and incorporated what had been Boonesboro in 1892.</p><br>
<p>Space in the old courthouse had become insufficient so plans were made for a new courthouse. The present courthouse was completed in 1917 for $250,000. The Renaissance Revival building was designed by Des Moines architect Norman T. Vorse. It features marble walls, terrazzo floors, coffered ceilings, and stained glass skylights. On the exterior of the main facade, eight columns in antis are located between the windows on the two upper floors. The columns have capitals in the Corinthian order. A dentilated cornice circles the building. The courthouse&#39;s significance is derived from its association with county government, and the political power and prestige of Boone as the county seat.</p><br>
<p>The Calhoun County Courthouse, located in Rockwell City, Iowa, United States, was built in 1914. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the fourth structure to house court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Calhoun County was established in 1855 there were no buildings suitable for a courthouse, so officials used their own homes. After Lake City was chosen as the county seat the following year a small structure was built for a courthouse. Additions were added to the building as space needs increased. The county seat moved to Rockwell City in 1877 and a new courthouse built for just over $2,000. County officials had their offices on the first floor and a courtroom was located on the second floor. The building was destroyed by fire in 1884. The county rented a hotel and a building in town for $1 a day to house offices and functions. Officials built another courthouse in 1886 on the park across the street from the old courthouse square because noise from the nearby railroad disturbed court business.</p><br>
<p>The present Neoclassical structure was built for $116,200 in 1914. They sold the old courthouse to a Catholic church for use as a parochial school, and it was moved to a different location. The building is clad in limestone and the roof is composed of clay tiles. Four pillars hold up the pediment of the central pavilion. The interior is considered more noteworthy than the exterior. Of particular interest is the three-story rotunda with its stained glass skylight. The second floor features ceramic tile floors and a coffered ceiling in the courtroom. The building was designed by Nebraska architect William F. Gernandt. Its significance is derived from its association with county government, and the political power and prestige of Rockwell City as the county seat.</p><br>
<p>The Clay County Courthouse, located in Spencer, Iowa, United States, was built in 1901. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the fourth building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A commission chose Spencer Township as Clay County&#39;s first county seat. Voters chose Peterson instead and allocated $6,000 for a courthouse. When the contractor submitted a bill for $7,500 he received $6,900. By 1871 the population in the northern part of the county was growing rapidly and the county seat moved to Spencer. A stock company was formed to build a new courthouse that was sold to the county for $1,333. County offices gradually outgrew the structure and they constructed a new two-story brick courthouse for $4,435. The old courthouse was used for a barn, a cement block factory, and then remodeled into two houses. County citizens eventually grew tired of their plain courthouse and plans were made to replace it. Construction of the present facility began in 1900 and it was completed a year later $60,000. The red stone Neoclassical building features a cupola with a bronze covered dome and a clock. Its significance is derived from its association with county government, and the political power and prestige of Spencer as the county seat.</p><br>
<p>The Jonesborough Historic District is a historic district in Jonesborough, Tennessee, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Jonesboro Historic District  in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Staff of the Tennessee Historical Commission surveyed 158 buildings in the town in 1969 and found 72 worth preservation. The district includes Queen Anne, Greek Revival, and Federal styles of architecture among its 72 contributing buildings located in a more than 120 acre area.</p><br>
<p>Some contributing buildings include the Jonesborough United Methodist Church, which was built in 1847 and renovated in 1945 and 1959; the Washington County Courthouse, built in 1913 on the site of the first courthouse of the county; and the Chester Inn, which was built c. 1797.</p><br>
<p>The district is an irregularly shaped area, roughly bounded by College Street on the north, the junction of Main Street and Franklin Avenue on the east, Depot Street on the south, and 3rd Avenue on the west.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural styles</h2><br>
<p>There are very few examples of the pure classical style in Jonesborough. However, buildings in the district can be divided into at least six different primary styles, although they all exhibit characteristics of one or more secondary styles. Examples include the following.</p><br>
<h3>Federal</h3><br>
<p>Some of the oldest buildings in Jonesborough are built in the Federal style. The form of this period is basically Georgian, often with crow-stepped gables (also known as corbie steps). Most of the brickwork is Flemish bond.</p><br>
<p>Chester Inn: Listed separately on the NRHP, the Chester Inn is a three-story rectangular building, including the raised stone basement. Built in 1797, the west section of the building has a two-story kitchen. The dining room was built c. 1836, in the east addition, and the Italianate front porch was added in 1883.</p><br>
<p>Sisters Row: Sometimes incorrectly referred to as House of the Three Sisters, Sisters Row was built by Samuel D. Jackson as homes for his three daughters. Constructed of hand-molded bricks on a stone foundation, the two-story buildings are connected under one roof but have separate entrances and details. The large outline is rectangular with an ell. The porches are historic additions.</p><br>
<p>Greens Mansion: Greens Mansion was built by John Green, farmer and real estate agent. It is a two-story, rectangular building, with an ell. The front porch is the only one that represents the Federal Style. The foundation is stone.</p><br>
<p>Old Jonesborough Female Academy: This building was used as a school until 1852. The building is one-story and made of brick. It is rectangular with an ell addition in about 1854. The original part of the house was a one-room school with a small side room. The porch was added in c. 1890.</p><br>
<p>Jacobs House: As of 1969, the former residence was operating as the Jonesborough Bed and Breakfast. The house is rectangular in shape. The foundation is stone. The porch is located on the second level.</p><br>
<p>Gammon-Moss House: This house is three stories and has a rectangular shape with a one-story addition to the east side of the house, built about 1900. The foundation and siding are brick. The roof shape is gable with corbiesteps.</p><br>
<p>Blair-Moore House: The historic name is the Old Blair House. As of 2014, it is operated as a bed and breakfast. It is two stories of an irregular shape. The foundation is brick with c. 1870 penciling. The roof shape is gable with corbiesteps.</p><br>
<h3>Greek Revival</h3><br>
<p>Corbie steps also appear in Jonesborough Greek revival buildings. Most of the porches on Greek Revival homes appear to have been added long after the buildings were constructed.</p><br>
<p>Jonesborough United Methodist Church: Listed separately as a National Historic Place, the Methodist Church is two stories with a rectangular shape. The foundation and siding are brick. The roof shape is gable. The building has a pedimented portico, with four Ionic columns. It has stained glass windows. An educational wing was added in the mid-1800s. The steeple was constructed in c. 1890, and replaced an earlier one. The original slave gallery remains.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church: The building is two stories and has a rectangular shape. The foundation and siding are brick. The steeple is weatherboarded and has brackets and openings capped by Gothic arches. The building has stained glass windows. An educational wing was added in about 1940. In the 1960s a two-story educational wing was added.</p><br>
<p>Jonesborough Presbyterian Church: The building is two stories with a rectangular shape. The foundation and siding are brick. The roof shape is gable. Triglyphs and dentils are in the frieze. The building has a pedimented portico on the second story with fluted columns. A two-story educational wing was added to the rear of the building in the mid-1900s.</p><br>
<p>Cunningham House: The building is two stories and is rectangular in shape with a two-story ell. The foundation and siding are brick. The porch was added in about 1895.</p><br>
<p>Hill: Also known as the Dossett Residence, the building is two stories and is rectangular in shape with a two-story ell. The foundation and siding are brick. The porch is two-story Greek Revival. The building has 9/9 windows on the first level and 6/9 windows on the second. There is an enclosed sunroom on the west side of the ell and a terrace on the east side of the ell; there are a front stoop and balusters, all added in about 1965.</p><br>
<p>Walter Sherfey Home: The building is two stories and is rectangular in shape with a two-story ell. The foundation and siding are brick. It has a porch that spans three-fourths of the façade and has square columns on the bases. It has 8/8 windows.</p><br>
<p>Shipley House: Now known as the Shipley-Bledsoe House, the building is two stories and is rectangular in shape with a two-story ell. The foundation and siding are brick. The sides have a brick dentil trim, in contrast to paneled frieze on front and west façades. The porch covers all four of five bays (does not include the first left bay) and has turned wood posts and balustrade. There are sidelights and transoms with bull&#39;s-eyes and fluted colonettes around entries.</p><br>
<p>Mansion House: The building is two stories and is rectangular in shape with a two-story ell. The foundation and siding are brick. The façade is Flemish bond. The roof shape is gable corbiesteps. The porch on the second level is Italianate. The building has 12/12 windows.</p><br>
<h3>Victorian period</h3><br>
<p>This period includes styles of Italianate, Gothic Revival, and Queen Anne. This style did not come to Jonesborough until around the Civil War. The Italianate style is very common, especially shown in porches.</p><br>
<p>The Old Gresham House</p><br>
<p>Built in 1828, the building was remodeled c. 1900 with Queen Anne and Colonial Revival influences. The building is two stories and has an irregular shape. The foundation is brick and the siding is weatherboard. The roof shape is gable. There are three chimneys: one of brick at center of gable, interior; one of brick at center gable, interior; one of brick at left rear end of gable, exterior. The house has a full front porch.</p><br>
<h3>Post-Victorian/Neoclassical period/Classical Revival</h3><br>
<h3>Bungalow</h3><br>
<h3>Minimal Traditional</h3><br>
<h3>Other architectural styles</h3><br>
<p>The Hood County Courthouse Historic District in Granbury, Hood County, Texas encompasses 12 acres of land. The principal building in and the focal point of the district is the historic Hood County Courthouse built in 1890–1891. Other major buildings include the 1885 Hood County Jailhouse, the 1885 First National Bank Building, the 1891 building which formerly housed the Hood County News, the 1893 Aston-Landers Saloon Building, the 1893 Nutt Brothers Building, and the 1886 Granbury Opea House. On June 5, 1974, the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The nomination form called it "one of the most complete nineteenth century courthouse squares in Texas." The district is also recognized as a State Antiquities Landmark and includes several Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.</p><br>
<h2>Hood County Courthouse</h2><br>
<p>The historic Hood County Courthouse is located in the block bounded by East Bridge Street on the north, North Crockett Street on the east, East Pearl Street on the south and North Houston Street on the west and has an entrance on each side except the north one. It is the fifth courthouse building to occupy this site and was built of Brazos limestone by contractors Moodie and Ellis between 1890 and 1891. It was designed in the Second Empire style by noted Texas courthouse architect Wesley Clark Dodson of Waco (1829–1914). The building features 3 main stories plus an attic floor under an elaborate mansard roof system. The imposing 3-story central clock tower completed after the rest of the building required reinforcement in 1969. In 2000 the exterior of the building was restored. In 2008 a grant was received to restore the interior including restoring the district courtroom to its original 2-story configuration.</p><br>
<p>Nellie Gray Robertson, first female county attorney in Texas, was elected to the post for Hood County in 1918, and practiced in the courthouse building.</p><br>
<p>The J. P. McKee Lustron House is a historic enameled steel prefabricated house in Jackson, Alabama, United States. Designed and constructed by the Lustron Corporation, this example is one of two in Jackson. The other, the Doit W. McClellan Lustron House, is just around the corner from the McKee Lustron.</p><br>
<p>Lustron houses were only produced during a two-year period, with 2,495 known to have been made. Only roughly 2,000 of these are still in existence. Many of those that do remain have been altered significantly. Twenty Lustron houses are known to have been ordered in Alabama, although it is not clear if twenty were erected. Only eleven remained in 2000. Architectural historians with the Alabama Historical Commission believe that the two in Jackson may have been the first erected in the state.</p><br>
<p>The house forms part of the National Register of Historic Places&#39; Lustron Houses in Alabama MPS. It was placed on the National Register on February 24, 2000, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Both of the Lustron houses in Jackson were erected in 1949 by a local Lustron dealer, J. P. McKee of McKee Construction Company. An open house for both Lustrons was held beginning on April 16, 1949. As of 2000, the exteriors of both houses were in near&ndash;to&ndash;original condition. Both were being utilized as rental properties.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The J. P. McKee Lustron House is an example of Lustrons "Westchester" 2-bedroom model. It retains the original enameled steel roof, wall panels, and "zig-zag" support column. Lustron houses came in four exterior colors, the McKee Lustron is in the companys "Desert Tan" color.</p><br>
<p>The Doit W. McClellan Lustron House is a historic enameled steel prefabricated house in Jackson, Alabama, United States. Designed and constructed by the Lustron Corporation, this example is one of two in Jackson. The other, the J. P. McKee Lustron House, is just around the corner from the McClellan Lustron.</p><br>
<p>Lustron houses were only produced during a two-year period, with 2,495 known to have been made. Only roughly 2,000 of these are still in existence. Many of those that do remain have been altered significantly. Twenty Lustron houses are known to have been ordered in Alabama, although it is not clear if twenty were erected. Only eleven remained in 2000. Architectural historians with the Alabama Historical Commission believe that the two in Jackson may have been the first erected in the state.</p><br>
<p>The house forms part of the National Register of Historic Places&#39; Lustron Houses in Alabama MPS. It was placed on the National Register on February 24, 2000, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Both of the Lustron houses in Jackson were erected in 1949 by a local Lustron dealer, J. P. McKee of McKee Construction Company. An open house for both Lustrons was held beginning on April 16, 1949. As of 2000, the exteriors of both houses were in near&ndash;to&ndash;original condition. Both were being utilized as rental properties.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The J. P. McKee Lustron House is an example of Lustrons "Westchester" 2-bedroom model. It retains the original enameled steel roof, wall panels, and "zig-zag" support column. Lustron houses came in four exterior colors, the McClellan Lustron is in the companys "Dove Gray" color. The panels have since been painted over and changed to white.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac Nettles Gravestones are four unusual headstones in the Mount Nebo Baptist Church Cemetery near Carlton in rural Clarke County, Alabama, United States. Surveyed for the National Register of Historic Places&#39; Clarke County Multiple Property Submission, they were added to the register on February 24, 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mount Nebo Baptist Church, a traditionally African American Baptist church, was established in the 19th century. The four Nettles markers are made of concrete and feature death masks, presumed by scholars to be of the people whose graves they mark. The gravestone of note are of Angel Ezella Nettles (death 1940), Selena (sometimes spelled Celina) Nettles (1800s–January 1940), Korean (sometimes spelled Cora) Nettles (January 1859–July 6, 1933), and Manul Burell (?–August 9, 1946). The marker for Selena Nettles was greatly damaged in 1979 during Hurricane Frederic, and what once displayed her upper torso, is now only a gravestone base.</p><br>
<p>They are attributed to Isaac "Ike" Nettles, a local man who created them between 1933 and 1946. When surveyed in 2000 the markers had not weathered well, with only the most ornate one, with three individual masks on one marker, in good condition.</p><br>
<p>Feuchtwanger Stable is a historic stable building located in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, New York. It was built in 1888 in the Romanesque Revival style. It is a three-story brick structure trimmed with stone and terra cotta. The first floor features three wide, round arches that once served as entrances for horses. The building has housed a candy factory, a storage warehouse, and an auto repair garage. It was converted into loft condominiums in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Hubbard House, also known as Hubbard-Lucchelli House and Theresa Lucchelli House, is a historic home located in Brooklyn, New York. It is believed to have been built between 1825 and 1838.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hubbard House was constructed by Lawrence Ryder, a Gravesend carpenter-builder, for Nelly Hubbard, the daughter of a farmer of Dutch descent who married a descendant of one of the first English settlers in Gravesend. Beginning in 1850, it was leased to workers and artisans. In 1904, garment worker Vincenzo Lucchelli purchased the house with his wife and five children. In 1924, Salvati & Le Quornik designed a southern two-story hippedroofed wing which incorporated a “sleeping porch” for family members suffering from tuberculosis. Theresa Lucchelli (1902–1997) inherited the house and resided in it from the age of two until her death.</p><br>
<p>It is a small, white Dutch Colonial–style farmhouse which uses H-bent construction. It consists of two sections: a -story, one-room-deep main section with a 2-story, one-room-wide by two-room-deep wing. It is covered with pine clapboard.</p><br>
<p>The Belden Stratford is an apartment building and former hotel in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago. It is located across the street from the Lincoln Park Zoo and Lincoln Park Conservatory.</p><br>
<p>The structure was built in the 1920s and renovated between 1989 and 1990. Notable guests over the years included Louis Armstrong and Gloria Swanson.</p><br>
<p>It is now managed by Waterton on behalf of the current owner, the Mansueto Office. Previously, In 2011 IRMCO Properties & Management owned and managed the Belden Stratford. It was eventually sold to the Laramar Group who owned it until late 2018.</p><br>
<p>Aspen City Hall, known in the past as Armory Hall, Fraternal Hall, is located at the intersection of South Galena Street and East Hopkins Avenue in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a brick building dating to the 1890s. In 1975 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was built to serve both as headquarters for the local militia and as a community gathering place. It served a variety of community-related functions, eventually becoming city hall in the mid-20th century. Later in the century, as the city grew again into an affluent resort community, it had to move some of its departments to other office space and renovate the city hall extensively, particularly inside.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The building is located on the northeast corner of the intersection, opposite the Hyman–Brand Building, also listed on the Register. The intersection is one block south of Main Street (State Highway 82) and another listed property, the Pitkin County Courthouse. The terrain is level and the surrounding neighborhood heavily developed and urban, with mostly commercial buildings of one or two stories. They are an even mix of buildings from the same era as the armory and sympathetic contemporary structures, mostly of brick. An unnamed alley to the north allows passage through the middle of the block to South Hunter Street. Tall mature trees screen the building from the streets and alley.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-and-a-half-story rectangular 91 by four-by-five-bay structure of red brick in common bond on a stone foundation. The 14-inch-thick (14 in) walls have multiple layers of brick and load-bearing piers. It is topped by a shingled gambrel roof, with three symmetrically-spaced hipped gables on the south pitch and two asymmetrical ones on the north. The top pitches are very shallow, sloped only as much as necessary to let water run off and hidden from view by a parapet with stepped brickwork. It slopes down to broad overhanging bracketed eaves on the south side and close ones on the north.</p><br>
<p>On the west (front) facade, fenestration consists of one-over-one double-hung sash windows on the first story, with the centrally located main entrance recessed. The stories above have slight segmental arched windows. Brick pilasters, echoed by similar quoins at the corners, rise to the roofline, where corbels support a cornice below a parapet along the flat section. On the north and south sides are four double segmental arch windows, similar to those on the upper stories, separated by brick pilasters. The interior has been extensively renovated since construction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in three months in 1892, near the end of the Colorado Silver Boom, at a cost of $15,000 ($ in contemporary dollars). At that time Aspen was a fast-growing mining town that had not existed 15 years earlier. It was intended to be both a staging area for the local militia and a community meeting place. Hence its original names of Armory Hall and Fraternal Hall.</p><br>
<p>As Aspen&#39;s population dwindled after the boom in the early decades of the 20th century, it continued to serve various community-related functions such as dances and concerts, and was at one point a roller rink. These helped it escape the neglect and demolition which plagued many other buildings from the boom era. In 1956 it became city hall, following the demolition of the old building on Durant Avenue, and has served that function ever since.</p><br>
<p>At some point before 1975 three of the five bays on the south side were filled in.</p><br>
<p>The Newdigate-Reed House is a two-story log house built by the Newdigate family at the top of the hill near the Lexington-Maysville Turnpike. Situated at the top of a steep hill leading out of Maysville, the house served as a convenient rest stop for merchants and wagon masters hauling goods from the docks at Maysville to points south.</p><br>
<p>Siding was applied to the log structure in the 1930s. The structure is asymmetrical with four windows on the upper story left side, one on the right side, and one to the right of the first floor entrance. The doorway with a one-story portico is slightly off-center. Stone chimneys on either end of the house are original.</p><br>
<p>The building was purchased by the Bierbower family in the late 19th century and sold to Stanley Forman Reed in 1910, Reed having just completed his law studies at a number of Universities including Yale University, the University of Virginia, Columbia University and the University of Paris.</p><br>
<p>The future supreme court justice began the practice of law in Maysville in 1910 with the law firm of Worthington, Browning and Reed. Reed served as a Kentucky state representative between 1912 and 1916, sponsoring child labor and workman&#39;s compensation bills that were enacted in the face of significant opposition.</p><br>
<p>Although a Democrat, Reed was appointed by President Herbert Hoover to serve as general counsel of the Federal Farm Board in 1929. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Reed Solicitor General of the United States to defend the New Deal laws whose constitutionality had been challenged. Reed was successful in doing so. In 1938, Reed was nominated to fill the USA Supreme Court vacancy caused by the retirement of Justice George Sutherland. Reed was widely considered the best lawyer in government service and his nomination was unanimously confirmed by the Senate.</p><br>
<p>Milford, also known as the Relfe-Grice-Sawyer House, is the oldest two-story brick home located near Camden, Camden County, North Carolina, United States.</p><br>
<p>Its 1746 construction date is carved on a brick on the interior face of the north chimney & was confirmed by dendrochronology test in the 1990s. The formal two-story brick gabled structure, two bays deep and three bays wide, has interior end chimneys terminating in molded caps.</p><br>
<p>The brickwork is of Flemish bond with glazed headers, featuring three-course stringers of Flemish bond between the first and second stories and at the base of the gables. The use of one-to-three common bond in the brick of the south gable represents the earliest known example of this type of bonding in North Carolina. The north gable probably corresponds, but the entire north side is now concealed by stucco. Tumbling of the brick occurs along the rakes of the south gable. Tumbled bricks are usually placed at right angles to the gable slope, and the vertical placement of these bricks is, according to Thomas Waterman in The Early Architecture of North Carolina, found in only one other structure, the Wallop house in Accomack County, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The west facade formerly functioned as the principal front, but the main entrance is located now in the central bay of the east facade. The doorway as well as the windows of the first story are ornamented only by flat arches serving as lintels. The windows of the second story, set quite close to the cornice, are completely plain. The lintels are formed of rowlocks which originally surmounted the south gable windows are still visible, although the windows are now much smaller.</p><br>
<p>The great plaster cove cornices, believed by Waterman to be unique in colonial architecture south of Maryland, further enhance the monumentality of the house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Building is a thirteen-story building which is located in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Construction on the building was completed in 1909, with Daniel Burnham being the principal designer. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Henry Clay Frick originally commissioned the building. Following the Chicago school of architecture style, the building features a granite base and terracotta exterior.</p><br>
<p>Beginning sometime around the 1960s, the building gradually fell into disrepair coinciding with the decline of East Liberty. A classical ornament on the roof was replaced with substandard material, allowing water to enter the basement. Over time, the interior essentially was destroyed.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Building subsequently experienced twenty years of complete dormancy during the latter part of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century. With assistance from the state of Pennsylvania and the Urban Redevelopment Authority of Pittsburgh, a new renovation effort was launched in 2012 to restore the exterior and reconstruct the interior of the Highland Building, attach it to the adjacent three-story Wallace Building and convert the entire complex into one hundred and twenty-seven apartments. The project, now completed, is described as, "Walnut on Highland" and is mostly leased. Recently, the last of the retail space in the Wallace Building was filled by a Mexican Restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Towers Apartments is an historic building which is located in the Shadyside neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Built in 1913, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The façade is tapestry brick in yellow, bronze, tan and brown. Scheibler placed decorative tilework between the windows; his tilework was based on a fabric designed by Peter Behrens.</p><br>
<p>The Hoene-Werle House, which is located in the Manchester neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was built in 1887 as a double house with a courtyard in the rear and a complex molded brick and millwork cornice in the front.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is also part of the Manchester Historic District</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>German immigrants Herman H. Hoene, who owned a retail piano store, and Fred H. Werle, a druggist, originally owned the house.</p><br>
<p>The house was abandoned then acquired by the city in the 1970s and then bought in the 1980s and restored.</p><br>
<p>The Hoene-Werle House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is also part of the Manchester Historic District</p><br>
<p>The Larimer School, which is located in the Larimer neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is an American school that was built in 1896.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>An addition was made in 1904, and the auditorium and gymnasium were added in 1931. The interior includes terrazzo floors and marble wainscotting. The exterior includes an ornately decorated door on the southwestern side of the building (perhaps Romanesque-inspired Renaissance Revival) with statues on pillars, a bas-relief sculpture over the door, and human faces near a marble portion of the roof. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in 1980 and remained vacant for about 40 years. As of 2021, it is being renovated into affordable housing.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>at Abandoned</p><br>
<p>The Latimer School  is located in the East Allegheny neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The school building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1898, this historic structure is a four-story, yellow brick building with a variety of window types and placement. It was designed by the German-born Pittsburgh architect Frederick C. Sauer (1860-1942). Closed in 1974 because there was no outdoor play area, it was purchased for conversion into apartments in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The school building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Lawrence Public School, which is located in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was built in 1872 and served as an elementary school, including instruction in the German language.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Ths historic structure was named after Captain James Lawrence, whose last words, "Don&#39;t give up the ship!", gained famed during the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>The school was damaged by a fire in 1912, but was able to be repaired. Reportedly, a crowd of school children danced and cheered as the building burned and its 200 lb bell fell from its supports. It closed in 1939, along with the nearby Bayard School and Foster School, when all students were transferred to the new elementary wing of Arsenal Junior High School.</p><br>
<p>The building was sold in 1945 and then used as a warehouse.</p><br>
<p>The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The two upper floors were destroyed by a fire in 1987 and the building was truncated at the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>Since 2017, it has housed a brewery, Eleventh Hour Brewing.</p><br>
<p>The Palisades Bridge, near Garretson, South Dakota, United States, was built in 1908. Also known as the Palisades State Park Bridge, it is located in Palisades State Park. It is a pin-connected Pratt truss bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>It was manufactured by the Western Bridge & Construction Co.</p><br>
<p>It was built to replace an original bridge, built in 1883, which was destroyed by an ice jam in 1896. The bridge is 119 ft long and 16 ft wide. It spans Splitrock Creek across rock cliffs 40 ft up from the creek level.</p><br>
<p>The Main Building of the USA Bureau of Mines is the former main building of the United States Bureau of Mines Central Experiment Station.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Located in the Squirrel Hill North neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, this historic structure was built between 1915 and 1917 and dedicated on September 29, 1919. The building was designed by Henry Hornbostel, who was also responsible for several nearby buildings at Carnegie Mellon University. The university purchased the complex from the Bureau of Mines in 1985. The main building, also known as Building A, was renamed Hamburg Hall and is now the headquarters of the Heinz College.</p><br>
<p>The main building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The McCleary Elementary School  is located in the Upper Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, and is a building from 1900.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The McCleary School was built in 1900–02 by the Mount Albion Sub-District, the local educational board serving the 18th Ward or present-day Upper Lawrenceville, Stanton Heights, and Morningside. Infighting and mismanagement by the Mount Albion school board caused major schedule and budget overruns, and the board ended up having to levy additional taxes to finish the project. The final cost of the building was about $130,000, which was almost four times the original budget, and construction dragged on for two more years even though the school was said to be "nearly complete" in June, 1900. The school even had to be equipped with used furnishings in order to reduce costs. As a result of widespread ill will toward the project among the general public, the school opened without any fanfare on April 7, 1902, in what the Pittsburgh Press called "the quietest opening of a school building the city has ever seen."</p><br>
<p>The building was last used by Pittsburgh Public Schools during the 2011–12 school year as an early childhood education center. In 2013, the school was sold to a developer for $410,000. It was then renovated and converted to condominiums in 2015–17. The project also added a third story to the building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The McCleary School is a two-story brick building with stone trim. The main elevation is five bays wide, with rectangular windows on the first floor and pairs of arched windows set inside larger arched openings on the second floor. The main entrance, which sits slightly below street level, is set inside a large semicircular arch and accentuated with a cornice, pilasters, and spandrels ornamented with floral motifs. The building originally had a hipped roof with a stained-glass dome, but this was later replaced with a flat roof. The interior of the building had eight classrooms arranged around a central two-story rotunda.</p><br>
<p>The Oakland Public School also known as the Holmes School in the South Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was built in 1893 and expanded in 1899. It is believed that Ulysses J. Lincoln Peoples designed the building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in 1986 and was demolished in 1987 to make room for the Holmes Place condominium development which now stands on the site.</p><br>
<p>The Old Heidelberg Apartments in the Point Breeze neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is a building from 1905. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Old Heidelberg Apartment building in Pittsburgh&#39;s east end neighborhood of Park Place was designed by notable architect Frederick G. Scheibler. His client, Robinson and Bruckman, charged him with designing an apartment building that would fit into the neighborhood of private homes. To do this, Scheibler used a steep sheltered roof, timber-framed porches, and a stucco surface to make the building appear as a country house reminiscent of old-world Europe.</p><br>
<p>The Reymer Brothers Candy Factory  is located in the Bluff neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Built in 1906, it was designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Reymer and Anderson was one of the first confectionaries in Pittsburgh; it boomed during the American Civil War when people sent candy to soldiers, and prospered during the last half of the nineteenth century as Phillip Reymer&#39;s sons, Jacob and Harmer, took over the business.</p><br>
<p>By 1906, when the new factory was built, the Reymer family had left the business but their name lived on. In 1908, the firm claimed that it was "one of the largest confectionery houses in the world," and that it had 5,000 vendors in the Pittsburgh area.</p><br>
<p>The firm ran five teahouses in Pittsburgh, which may have contributed to a perception that the firm made quality products but was unprofitable. An uncarbonated soft drink, "Lemon Blennd," accounted for seventy percent of its sales in 1959. The company was taken over in 1959 by a competitor, Dimling&#39;s, which went out of business in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Bowman Homestead in North Versailles Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania is a -story brick farmhouse built in 1846 by George Bowman in a combination of the Western Pennsylvania vernacular and Greek Revival styles. Timber for the house was harvested on site, and the bricks were fired nearby.</p><br>
<p>Bowman moved to Western Pennsylvania in the early 1800s and married Eliza Mellon, the sister of Judge Thomas Mellon and aunt of Andrew Mellon, the future Secretary of the Treasury.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Carnegie Free Library in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, is a Public Library built with funds from Pittsburgh steel magnate Andrew Carnegie. McKeesport is located about 15 miles up the Monongahela River from Pittsburgh. The grant for this library was commissioned April 2, 1899. Out of approximately 1,688 libraries funded by Carnegie in America, McKeesport&#39;s was the 12th be commissioned. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Cedar Falls Ice House is a historic building located in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1921 and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1977. The building currently serves as the Ice House Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first ice house in Cedar Falls was built in 1858 near the homestead of William Sturgis, the first permanent resident of Black Hawk County. It was destroyed in a fire on October 22, 1921. Hugh Smith, who owned Cedar Falls Ice and Fuel Company, made plans for the present structure. It was completed in November 1921 by the Cedar Falls Construction Company. The first ice harvest began on January 10, 1922. The building served as an ice house from 1922 until Smith lost his business in 1934. Cedar Falls Trust and Savings Bank took over the building. It was used as a livestock barn and later was flooded for ice skating. In 1938 the city of Cedar Falls purchased the building and leased it to the Cedar Falls Boat Club. They occupied the building until 1976 when the building was condemned. That year the Cedar Falls Historical Society decided to save the structure. After a successful fund-raising campaign the building was renovated beginning in 1978, and the Ice House Museum opened on June 24, 1979. The building was damaged in a 2008 flood.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is a true round barn structure that measures 100 ft in diameter and 30 ft high. It is constructed of hollow clay tiles and features an aerator and a two-pitch roof. The roof is supported by a center pole and the walls of the structure. When used as an ice house it could hold between 6,000 and 8,000 tons of ice.</p><br>
<p>Walnut Street Baptist Church is a church building in downtown Waterloo, Iowa, United States. It has also been known as Faith Temple Baptist Church.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1908, it was designed for its triangular lot by Waterloo architect Clinton P. Shockley. Although the main exterior materials are merely brick plus stone and concrete trim, the building reflects multiple architectural influences:The building exhibits the influence of a combination of contemporary architectural styles and trends of the early 20th century including the English Arts and Crafts movement and the Chicago School with minor indications of the academic tradition of the Beaux-Arts.</p><br>
<p>Clinton Phillip Shockley began his architectural practice in 1906. This was an important work for him. He and Mortimer Cleveland were "by far" the most qualified architects in Iowa and were able to win contracts that would previously have gone to non-Iowa firms.</p><br>
<p>The Walnut Street Baptist Church congregation worshiped in the facility from its construction until 1970. The congregation was an early leader in the General Association of Regular Baptist Churches. Upon relocating to a new facility and changing its name to Walnut Ridge Baptist Church, the congregation sold the downtown site to Faith Temple Baptist Church (American Baptist Churches USA).</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Jones–Sherman House is a historic Bungalow/Craftsman style house built in 1913 in Salem, Oregon, United States. It was built from a pattern book by Lindstrom & Almars by owner Ralph R. Jones.</p><br>
<p>The house is also known as the Ralph R. Jones House or Charles L. Sherman House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 because of its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>The Phoenix Indian School, or Phoenix Indian High School in its later years, was a Bureau of Indian Affairs-operated school in Encanto Village, in the heart of Phoenix, Arizona. It served lower grades also from 1891 to 1935, and then served as a high school thereafter. It opened in 1891 and closed in 1990 on the orders of the federal government. During its existence, it was the only non-reservation BIA school in Arizona.</p><br>
<p>The Phoenix Indian School Historic District, a 3 acre portion of the 160 acre campus that contains some of the most historic buildings, became part of the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>1891–1931: Phoenix Indian School</h3><br>
<h4>19th century</h4><br>
<p>After a year-long search for a school site, the Indian School opened in 1891 on of land. Up until 1931, the federal "assimilation" policy that sought to regimentalize and culturally assimilate Native American students was in place.</p><br>
<p>Physical growth was the major theme in the 1890s as the school opened. Growth in students was quick to come under superintendents Wellington Rich and Harwood Hall. By 1896 there were 380 students, in comparison to just 100 at its 1891 founding. It had twelve buildings, including a "girls building" designed by prominent local architect J.M. Creighton (built 1892) and a Victorian-style hospital (built mid-1890s). However, the focus on growing the school didn&#39;t mean that the assimilation was occurring or meeting federal expectations. Some students did learn to speak English, however there were only four academic teachers by 1897.</p><br>
<p>Vocational training was instead the emphasis: boys learned business skills and girls domestic skills. To that end, officials instituted the "outing system," which was loosely modeled after the outing program Richard Henry Pratt had instituted at Carlisle Indian Industrial School; students worked at off-campus jobs to gain experience and earn money, as well as to help assimilate them. However, unlike Carlisle, the students did not live with one particular family, but were instead cheap contract labor. Due to several incidents and the abuses that would later be critical in changing the course of PIS&#39;s history, the idea of assimilation through employment quickly went out the window at PIS as it became a way for white Phoenix employers to procure cheap Native American labor.</p><br>
<p>In 1897, another new superintendent took the role at PIS, Samuel McCowan. He continued an emphasis on increasing enrollment but also realized that academics had to improve. He diversified the student body, recruiting Mojaves and Hopis from all over the southwest. The aggressive recruitment that closed the 1890s made PIS the second largest school in the federal system, with over 700 students. Overcrowding accompanied the rapid growth, and during McCowan&#39;s tenure, he built new dormitories and employee residences.</p><br>
<h4>20th century</h4><br>
<p>A Mission Revival style auditorium was designed in 1901 and constructed the next year. As increasing enrollment made it clear to administrators that a dining hall was needed, the design modifications to turn the auditorium into one were performed in 1903 and a kitchen was built in 1904. The Dining Hall is the oldest extant building on the PIS campus.</p><br>
<p>1902 brought another new superintendent, Charles Goodman. He inherited a stable school with 56 employees (12 of whom were teachers) and a 24-building campus surrounded by 240 acre of farm land. A series of major events took place in his tenure (which lasted until 1915), including a major tuberculosis outbreak, but Goodman&#39;s time as superintendent was also characterized with the first real progress in graduating students. By 1915, a total of 175 students had received diplomas from the PIS – none had done so before 1901. This was just under five percent of the student body, but it proved from a federal perspective that assimilation was finally occurring.</p><br>
<p>During this time period in PIS&#39;s history, various techniques were used to attempt better assimilation – new students were organized into military companies, given a uniform and work clothes, and marched to and from classes after starting at 5am.</p><br>
<h4>=Serving in World War I=</h4><br>
<p>John B. Brown became superintendent in 1915. Assimilation continued to make progress, reflected in Native American participation in the military. Male students were receptive to military service after being regimented at the school. In 1912, Arizona formed Company F in its state National Guard, the first all-Indian unit in the nation, composed of older PIS students and former students. Despite not being citizens, many students and alumni volunteered to fight in World War I. Within four months of President Woodrow Wilson&#39;s declaration of war on Germany in April 1917, 64 PIS students and alumni volunteered to serve in the army and navy. Upon returning from border duty near Naco, Company F became part of the 158th Infantry Regiment, Fortieth Division. Their distinguished combat helped to change attitudes in Washington about Native Americans, leading eventually to the Indian Citizenship Act being signed into law on June 2, 1924.</p><br>
<p>In direct response to this successful assimilation, the federal government authorized the construction of the Memorial Hall and War Memorial in 1922. The Mission Revival style structure was built for $50,000, and students provided much of the labor. It replaced the original auditorium – now the Dining Hall. Memorial Hall saw use for general assemblies, graduations, and theatrical productions. The War Memorial, just south, commemorated the founding of the school and the service of its students.</p><br>
<h4>=Assimilation fades=</h4><br>
<p>Though Superintendent Brown was personally committed to assimilation, the environment began to change in the 1920s. After 1915, Indian schools began to face troubles, such as overcrowding and budget cuts. Discipline problems increased, and the quality of student health care at Indian schools nationwide declined. In response to these issues, a reform movement began in the early 1920s led by John Collier.</p><br>
<p>Eventually, in 1928, The Problem of Indian Administration (the Meriam Report) was published. W. Carson Ryan&#39;s section on education criticized all "Indian" education in the United States, especially the non-reservation schools. It called for an end to assimilation.</p><br>
<p>At PIS, Superintendent Brown, a career Indian Service educator, held his ground. He sought to ameliorate the school&#39;s image by reforming the outing system, which by 1920 had become something very different. Most PIS students worked on weekends and during the summer, and most of the people sent out were non-students. Brown sought to enhance this, and in 1922, he declared that the school would be responsible for all Native American employment in Phoenix.</p><br>
<p>In 1929, assimilationist Indian Commissioner Charles H. Burke resigned under pressure from reformers. He was replaced by Charles J. Rhoads, who was committed to enacting the reforms of the Meriam Report. Rhoads and Collier began to have disputes; Collier&#39;s reformers felt that Rhoads was moving too methodically. Rhoads issued circular number 2556 in 1930 allowing some forms of punishment at Indian schools to maintain order. The disputes came to a head; Collier found the action a backwards step and challenged Rhoads by bringing information concerning brutality at PIS to the forefront.</p><br>
<p>In May 1930, the Senate Subcommittee on Indian Affairs held a meeting over the allegations. Collier argued that PIS was not just guilty of brutal treatment but of mismanagement as well. The charges were never proven, and there was never a definitive conclusion, but the hearing helped bring about changes, such as the appointment of W. Carson Ryan as Director of Indian Education in September 1930. A reorganization of the Indian Service that followed allowed Meriam Report reformers to ascend to top posts in the education bureau.</p><br>
<p>Brown remained at the PIS, but his days were quickly numbered by the damage sustained to his reputation. In April 1931, the Subcommittee held additional hearings in Arizona about conditions at PIS. Brown lost any remaining support and retired in July 1931.</p><br>
<p>At this critical juncture, the grammar school building, built in an understated Moderne style, was constructed.</p><br>
<h3>1931–1990: Phoenix Indian High School</h3><br>
<h4>New PIS era</h4><br>
<p>Carl H. Skinner succeeded John Brown as superintendent of the Phoenix Indian School in 1931. He had a doctorate in education and no experience in the Indian Service. Under Skinner and with the assistance of new Indian Bureau chief John Collier, the facility was modernized; the old guard faded away; and waste was eliminated. Two of his first changes had some of the largest impact. The military discipline was no more; students did not have to wear uniforms, and the band no longer marched students into the dining hall. As reservation day schools were built, the lower grades at PIS were discontinued. This brought the enrollment down from 950 in 1928 to 425 in 1936. From here on out the Phoenix Indian School served grades 7–12.</p><br>
<p>The 1930s PIS curriculum emphasized vocational education, such as masonry; carpentry; and painting. However, the prevailing Great Depression reduced urban employment for Native Americans. The agricultural program was expanded to help students who wished to return to the reservation.</p><br>
<h4>World War II—going mainstream</h4><br>
<p>World War II had an indelible impact at PIS. Native Americans and PIS students participated in the war effort both at home and abroad. Many Native Americans volunteered or were drafted, serving in all branches of the military in the Pacific and European theaters. Students who stayed home bought war bonds and participated in blood drives.</p><br>
<p>It was also World War II and the widespread rate of service that brought Native American illiteracy to the forefront. Some Navajo ex-servicemen went to Washington in 1946 to ask that treaty obligations over education were met. In 1947, the Special Navajo Program was created, in which Navajo children attended five years of school to receive an eighth-grade education.</p><br>
<p>The SNP led to major growth at PIS. 200 Navajo children enrolled in the first year, and more students participated every year until 1958, when the PIS had 427 Navajos and 600 regular students. By the time the SNP was closed in 1963, several thousand students had taken part.</p><br>
<p>The major growth at PIS led to overcrowding. There was a lack of space at the school, and many buildings dated back to the 1890s and were obsolete. In response, Glenn Lundeen, the school&#39;s superintendent, asked for a BIA review of the campus in 1952. A building plan was adopted, and for the next 13 years, the BIA campus was modernized. Eight new dormitories, an administration building, a materials center, five science lab classrooms, a warehouse, and nine home economics/vocational classrooms were built as part of the construction blitz at this time.</p><br>
<p>The curriculum also began to change, as between 1947 and 1965, the federal government began the "termination policy" which centered on ending federal responsibility for reservations. Emphasis was placed on integrating Native Americans into mainstream America as well as teaching Native Americans skills useful in city jobs. Girls were taught typing and cosmetology, and boys could take new math and science classes. The North Central Association, which accredits high schools, accredited the school in 1960. The school also became known as the Phoenix Indian High School. It became a member of the Arizona Interscholastic Association, the governing body for high school sports in Arizona. The earliest AIA enrollment records for the Phoenix Indian School date to 1967, when the school had 885 students.</p><br>
<p>By this time, the area bounded by Central Avenue, Seventh Street, Indian School Road, and Camelback Road was home to four high schools: Catholic Brophy College Preparatory and Xavier College Preparatory, the public Central High School, and Phoenix Indian High School. In 1971, the schools served 4,600 students combined, and in 1984, they combined for a total of 5,000 students.</p><br>
<h4>To closure</h4><br>
<p>As the United States changed in the 1960s and early 1970s, the upheaval affected students at PIHS. Students regained their interest in their Native American identity, as seen in the growth of tribal clubs. At the same time, students and teachers began to question how "Indian" education emphasized some skills only useful in white culture. With the passage of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, Native Americans could finally have more of a voice at BIA schools. The self-determination trend showed that non-reservation boarding schools were expendable. For most of the early 1970s, enrollment at PIS declined to a stable number of about 550 students, held through the mid-1980s.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Reagan Administration recommended closing Phoenix Indian School. Daniel Peaches, a member of the Arizona House of Representatives, and members of the school community opposed the school closure. That year, the Indian Bureau announced it would close the Indian School, but this was delayed because the Hopi and Papago tribes did not have their own high schools. Sherman Indian High School in Riverside, California was slated to take boarding students from Phoenix Indian.</p><br>
<p>The facility was previously the closest boarding high school for the Havasupai people in the Havasupai Indian Reservation. After the closure, Sherman Indian became the closest boarding school to the reservation. According to The Arizona Republic, because the Navajo Nation had its own high schools, the closure of the Phoenix Indian School would have the tribe "unaffected".</p><br>
<p>In 1986 the school had 366 of them, with Arizona residents making up 85% of that number. By 1987, with the opening of Hopi Junior/Senior High School in Keams Canyon and Tohono O&#39;odham High School in Sells, the situation of the lack of Native American high schools was rectified. PIS closed its doors for the last time in the spring of 1990. In its final year, the PIS had only 80 students, a far cry from the 638 it held in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The name remains on Indian School Road, an important Phoenix arterial street, and in Steele Indian School Park.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The original buildings on the Phoenix Indian School campus were built in Victorian Queen Anne style. However, the oldest remaining building, the Dining Hall, bucked this trend. Both the Dining Hall and Memorial Auditorium were constructed in Mission Revival style, in 1902 and 1922, respectively. They are the only Mission Revival buildings on the PIS campus, and no use of Mission Revival in Arizona before the Dining Halls construction has been documented. The two buildings are considered "the best... Mission Revival auditoria... in the Southwest." (They are the only Mission Revival auditoria in Arizona.) By the time the Memorial Hall had been built, most of Mission Revivals elements had been replaced by Spanish Colonial Revival details.</p><br>
<p>Its use by the federal government is also uncommon. From 1897 to 1912, all federal buildings were designed and built under the responsibility of the supervising architect for the USA Treasury Department, James Knox Taylor. During a time when the Historicist Neoclassical style was the common one for federal buildings, the Dining Hall is the only known Mission Revival federal building. A specific architect has not been identified. It was built for $7,500.</p><br>
<p>Brick was used as a primary material for the first building as well as the second. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, most buildings in this style were constructed of concrete. The use of brick at Memorial Hall shows "a complete lack of understanding" of the evolution of the style.</p><br>
<p>The building for the lower grades was modified on the interior to house the band, but it retains its 1931 Moderne exterior. In 2014, Native American Connections and the Phoenix Indian Center launched a project to renovate the building, hoping to open it to the public for the first time in 25 years.</p><br>
<h2>New park</h2><br>
<p>The school&#39;s campus and buildings, after its 1990 closure, sat vacant for several years. The city of Phoenix obtained the land in 1996 in a land exchange that involved the Barron Collier Company and the federal government. Barron Collier established a $35 million trust fund for Native American children, and the city converted the campus into Steele Indian School Park, which opened in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The three NRHP-listed buildings and large pond make up its landmark core. The parks design pays homage to the sites Native American history. Many of the design elements reflect Native American concepts of life, earth and the universe.</p><br>
<p>The park includes the Bird Lake, the outdoor amphitheater with seating for 1,500 people, the Entry Garden featuring desert native plants and Native American poems in the ramps, the Phoenix Green shady oasis area with meandering walkways, and a neighborhood park with recreation, sports, and picnicking features.</p><br>
<h2>Notable students</h2><br>
<p>Mary Morez, artist</p><br>
<p>Peterson Zah, first President of the Navajo Nation</p><br>
<p>Roberta Blackgoat, activist, public speaker, writer, environmentalist, and artist.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls United Church of Christ of Laramie was founded in 1886 as the first German language congregation in Wyoming. The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The cornerstone was laid on July 13, 1890, three days after statehood. Clergy from Chicago and the local Christian, Methodist, Episcopal, Presbyterian and Baptist Churches participated in the ceremony, with an address by Dr. John Wesley Hoyt, former Governor of Wyoming Territory and at the time first president of the University of Wyoming. It is the oldest church structure in Laramie continuously used by the same congregation. With its stained glass windows and heavy wooden furnishings, St. Pauls is reminiscent of rural German churches. Those elaborate windows and its many simplified Gothic elements make the building unique among Lutheran churches in Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>The churchs several name changes reflect its history. The original name for the congregation (which spoke and worshiped in German) was Deutsche Evangelische Lutherische St. Paulus Gemeinde. (The original corporate name omitted the apostrophe in "St. Pauls" because German does not use one.) After the Evangelical Synod merged with the Reformed Church in the United States in 1934, St. Pauls changed its name in 1949 to St. Pauls Evangelical and Reformed Church of Laramie, Wyoming. After the Evangelical and Reformed Church merged with the Congregational Christian Churches in 1957 to create the United Church of Christ, the church changed its name in 1963 to St. Pauls United Church of Christ. Since 1974 the church has had its present name, St. Paul&#39;s United Church of Christ of Laramie.</p><br>
<p>During World War I St. Pauls (locally known then as "the German church") and its German-speaking pastor, Rev. O.G. Wichmann, were the targets of anti-German sentiment and murmurings of spying and other disloyal activities. The churchs last German language sermon was preached in 1932. In 1976, St. Paul&#39;s became the first Laramie church to call an ordained woman as its pastor.</p><br>
<p>Gastons Mill-Lock No. 36, Sandy and Beaver Canal District, is a historic district listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The district is located within Beaver Creek State Park, approximately 1 mile south of Clarkson, Ohio. Gastons Mill was constructed in 1837 and was powered by Little Beaver Creek. Lock 36 was one of 90 locks on the Sandy and Beaver Canal. Construction of this canal began in 1834 but was not completed until 1848.</p><br>
<p>Restoration and reconstruction of the mill began in 1964 and today it grinds whole wheat flour, corn meal and buckwheat flour. Gaston&#39;s Mill is the only working water-powered grist mill in Columbiana County. The rebuilding of Lock 36 began in 1988 and was completed in 1991. The lock was restored as an example of how locks were used to raise and lower boats in the canal.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gastons Mill was built by Samuel Conkle around 1837, on land that was then part of his father Jacobs farm; the land came into his possession in 1843 after his fathers death. Conkle employed the mill with a wide range of grains, including corn, wheat, oats, and buckwheat. In 1849, he sold the mill along with the land and water privileges to James Gaston. The mill is named for Philander Gaston, James Gastons son, who owned the mill longer than any other owner. The mill was water powered until Gaston sold it in 1886. At its peak, the mill produced nearly 200 pounds of flour per day.</p><br>
<p>Lock 36 was one of 90 locks on the Sandy and Beaver Canal. The canal was under construction between 1828 and 1848. The canal was built as a "feeder" canal to join the Ohio and Erie Canal.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The mill was renovated under the auspices of the Columbiana Forests and Park Council (now the "Friends of Beaver Creek State Park"). During the reconstruction, the building was straightened and wood beams were replaced in the basement. The mill&#39;s siding and part of the floors were replaced and a new shingle roof was installed. A new roof was put on the building using shingles produced by an old shingle machine built in 1857 in Salem, Ohio. Most of the wood timbers and posts are original.</p><br>
<p>Restoration of Lock 36 began in 1988 and was completed in 1991. The cantilevered wood-beam gates used in the restoration were built during a workshop held at Beaver Creek State Park. The builders, Christian & Son Timber, constructed the gates using period tools and dressed as craftsmen of the mid-1800s.</p><br>
<p>Today, the renovated mill and lock are part of Pioneer Village in Beaver Creek State park. The village, open to visitors, is operated by the Friends of Beaver Creek State park. The Blanche Williams Home near the mill, home of the last private owner of the mill, burned down in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>Gastons Mill-Lock No. 36, Sandy And Beaver Canal District (section) was added to the National Register of Historic Places in May 1974. Its significance is due partially to its rarity: the route from Elkton and Fredericktown was formerly lined with six mills, but Gastons is the only one that remains.</p><br>
<p>Knickerbocker Field Club is a historic tennis association located in Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It was founded in 1889, and continues to operate to this day.</p><br>
<p>Its historic tennis clubhouse was built in 1892 and was the sole surviving building associated with the Tennis Court development until 1988, when it was partially destroyed by fire. It was razed in 1992 with the approval of the Landmark Preservation Commission due to lack of funds for restoration. It was a long, two story Colonial Revival style building sheathed in clapboard and shingles. It had a gambrel roof and featured a deep porch supported by Doric order columns. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. A replacement clubhouse was built after.</p><br>
<p>The club features 5 clay courts. It has an active roster of 160 members, with a waiting list to join. The Knickerbocker also offers a free summer program for neighborhood children.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Club, also known as Mechanics Temple, Independent Order of Mechanics of the Western Hemisphere, is a historic clubhouse in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It was built between 1886 and 1889 and is a -story Queen Anne style masonry building. It is built of Roman brick and rock-faced Lake Superior brownstone with smooth brownstone bands and terra cotta ornament. It has a sunken basement and the front facade features four distinctive arches on the first floor and a 2-story oriel window.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Substation #401, also called the "Essex Sub-station" is a historic New York City Subway electrical substation.</p><br>
<p>This facility is located on the south side of Fulton Street, between Essex Street and Shepherd Avenue, in the Cypress Hills neighborhood of the borough of Brooklyn. It sits adjacent to the BMT Jamaica Line between the Cleveland Street and Norwood Avenue stations.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1901 by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company for the Cypress Hills extension of the BMT Lexington Avenue Line, and is a Beaux Arts style structure. Through a series of acquisitions, it was passed over to the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation, then the New York City Board of Transportation, the New York City Transit Authority, and finally the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), where it remains to this day.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Weir Greenhouse is a historic greenhouse located across the street from the main entrance of Green-Wood Cemetery in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, New York City. It was designed by George Curtis Gillespie and built in 1895 by James Weir, Jr., a Brooklyn florist who had been in business for 50 years when he built the greenhouse for the business he operated with his son and grandson. It is a rectangular, wood frame and galvanized iron building with projecting bays and domes in the Victorian commercial style. The main entrance is set at an angle to the street corner and is octagonal in form. The rooftop features an octagonal cupola with a ball finial. Attached to the greenhouse is a one-story brick office structure.</p><br>
<p>The Weirs continued to operate the business until 1971, when they sold to the McGovern family. By early 2015, structural stabilization of the vacant, decayed building was complete, and the project was scheduled to move toward restoration of the building to its 1895 appearance., the restoration is still underway, but Green-Wood planned to convert the greenhouse into the cemetery&#39;s visitor center.</p><br>
<p>The greenhouse was made a New York City designated landmark in 1982. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Camp Pendleton is a 325 acre state military reservation in Virginia Beach, Virginia, named after Confederate Brigadier General William N. Pendleton, who served as Robert E. Lee&#39;s chief of artillery during the American Civil War. It lies on the Atlantic coast slightly east of Naval Air Station Oceana.</p><br>
<p>Since Camp Pendleton is owned by the State of Virginia and not the federal government, the facility was not covered by The Naming Commissions mandate to rename US military installations. However, in January 2021 Governor Ralph Northam "directed his administration to review and recommend a replacement name for Camp Pendleton". Northam was unable to rename this base before he was replaced as governor in January 2022 by Glenn Youngkin who decided not to continue his predecessors uncompleted work. By March 2023, the Virginia National Guard added this statement to the installation&#39;s official website: "The Virginia National Guard no longer uses the Camp Pendleton designation and now refers to it only by the original name of the State Military Reservation".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The facility was laid out in 1911, with construction beginning in 1912, as the State Rifle Range for the use of the state militia. Between 1922 and 1942, it was named after the then serving Governor of Virginia, being firstly named Camp Trinkle (1922–1926), then Camp Byrd (1926–1930), Camp Pollard (1930–1934), Camp Peery (1934–1938), and Camp Price (1938–1942). During both World Wars, the base was federalized. In World War I it was used by the USA Navy for coastal artillery training (more likely the Army, as the Navy had no coastal artillery function and the source states it was an alternative to the Coast Artillery Corps&#39; Camp Eustis) and during World War II it was controlled by the USA Army, who first applied the name Camp Pendleton. The 50th Coast Artillery Regiment, with 24 mobile 155 mm guns, was organized at Camp Pendleton in February 1942 and elements remained there until December 1942. The 53rd Coast Artillery Regiment was activated there on 20 July 1942 with personnel from an inactivated portion of the 13th Coast Artillery.</p><br>
<h3>National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>The Camp Pendleton-State Military Reservation Historic District was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 26, 2005. The camp initially was about 400 acre in size. The original 1912 construction mostly related to the rifle range, but most of those buildings were demolished prior to World War II. A second major construction phase began in 1919, during which the USA Navy focused on improvements to the rifle range. Those buildings have also been demolished, but the layout of both the first and second phase remains. The third and final phase of construction was the responsibility of the USA Army during World War II; most of the camp&#39;s remaining buildings date from that phase. At the time it was listed on the National Register, Camp Pendleton had 108 buildings in a condition good enough to qualify them as contributing properties.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>Camp Pendletons primary purpose is the training of the Virginia National Guard, as well as other states National Guard units and components of the USA Armed Forces. Other tenants include the Military Sealift Command, whose facilities are leased to the federal government by the State of Virginia, and the 203rd RED HORSE of the Virginia Air National Guard. On March 3, 2001, 18 members of the 203rd RED HORSE and 3 aviators from the Florida Army National Guard died when their aircraft, a Florida ARNG C-23 Sherpa, crashed over Georgia. It is considered the worst peacetime National Guard crash ever and the worst National Guard loss of life in Virginia since World War II.</p><br>
<p>In 1991 the United States Department of Defense began the Youth Challenge Program. The Virginia implementation of that program is the Commonwealth Challenge (or Commonwealth ChalleNGe), a program with a military structure operated by the Virginia National Guard on Camp Pendleton for at risk 16 to 18 year olds. It focuses on developing, "...values, skills, education and self-discipline." The at risk youths come from all parts of Virginia. The Camp Pendleton program opened in September 1994 (some cite July 1994), is months long and offers a GED program. There are three phases: 2 weeks of indoctrination, 20 weeks of the core program, and a 12-month post-graduation program. Community service is part of the program. Classes start each January and June. The only cost to the participant are for personal items; tuition, room, and board are provided. So far 30 classes and over 3000 cadets have graduated from the Virginia program. In 2010 Virginia almost removed funding for the program, but it was restored by the then-governor.</p><br>
<p>Since shortly after World War II a 2,000 ft&sup2; home on the camp has served as a vacation spot for the presiding governor of Virginia. The architecture of this home is in the same style as the rest of the camp. It has vinyl siding. The "cottage" was originally built in 1915 and initially served as the commanding officer&#39;s residence. From 2004 until 2014, the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps conducted summer and winter boot camps at Camp Pendleton.</p><br>
<h2>Future</h2><br>
<p>When the facility was created it was in a relatively remote, sparsely populated area. Since then, the City of Virginia Beach has grown and developed around it, leading to concerns over safety issues. Over time, hundreds of acres of land belonging to the camp have been sold to the city of Virginia Beach. The role of Camp Pendleton is also changing, as more National Guard training takes place at the much larger Fort Barfoot, lessening the importance of Camp Pendleton. This has led to repeated requests by the City authorities to convert it to other uses, including complete or partial conversion to a state park. The findings of a report completed at the behest of the Virginia General Assembly on November 22, 1998 were that it was not feasible at that time to convert Camp Pendleton to a state park because of the demands of long-term planning, coordination with the federal government, and environmental reclamation.</p><br>
<p>The Buchanan Furnace is a historic iron furnace located in Licking Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1844, and is a cold blast charcoal furnace measuring 30 feet by 33 feet at the base and 33 feet tall. It had a maximum production of 1,200 tons per year and was abandoned in 1858 because of a lack of timber to be used as fuel.</p><br>
<p>Thirty-one iron furnaces were built in Clarion County, mostly from 1840-1850. They supplied the region as well as the Pittsburgh rolling mills.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Clarion County Courthouse and Jail is a historic courthouse and jail located in Clarion, Clarion County, Pennsylvania. The courthouse was built between 1883 and 1885, and is a 3 1/2-story, brick Victorian structure with Classical details measuring 78 feet, 8 inches, wide and 134 feet deep. It has a 213 foot tall, 25 feet square, clock tower. The jail was built between 1873 and 1875, and is a half brick / half sandstone building, located behind the courthouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Two earlier courthouses were built on the site: the first was completed in 1843, the second in 1863. Both were built of brick and both were destroyed by fire. The second courthouse burned down on September 12, 1882.</p><br>
<p>Sixteen contractors bid to construct the current courthouse, with bids ranging between $88,370 and $135,000. P. H. Melvin made the winning bid. Construction started on July 6, 1883 and was scheduled to be completed on November 16, 1884, but actual completion was on October 14, 1885. On January 27, 1885 Melvin was removed as contractor and the three bondsmen became acting contractors, retaining Melvin as superintendent of construction. Total completed cost was $126,936. Melvin later sued the county for $40,000, apparently unsuccessfully, for failure to comply with the contracted conditions.</p><br>
<p>The architect was E.M. Butz of Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now part of Pittsburgh) who designed the building in the Queen Anne style and the supervising architect was D. English of Brockville. Henry Warner of Allegheny painted the frescos. The floor tiling was laid by the Star Encaustic Tile Company of Pittsburgh and the Howard Clock Company of New York supplied the 9-foot diameter clock dial and the 1313 pound bell. A galvanized iron sculpture called the "Lady of Justice", standing 9 feet 11 inches tall on top of the clock tower, is of unknown origin.</p><br>
<p>Changes and renovations to courthouse include:</p><br>
<p>1889 - gas illumination of the clock was added</p><br>
<p>1923 - electric lighting added</p><br>
<p>1977 - complete electrical re-wiring, and</p><br>
<p>1981 - a complete exterior renovation</p><br>
<p>The "Lady of Justice" was restored in 1981. About 25 bullet holes were in the statue and her left arm was missing. The statue was restored by Ranochak & Company of Shelbyville, Indiana with a fiberglass coating and fiberglass backing inside the statue. During the restoration the statue&#39;s weight doubled to 250 pounds.</p><br>
<p>The Noxen School, also known as Noxen High School, is an historic, American school building that is located in Noxen Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History an architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original section was built in 1897, and is a -story, T-shaped frame building. It has a two-classroom addition that was built in 1922. Originally established as a grade school, this structure was used as the community&#39;s high school from 1902 to 1951. It then housed an elementary school until it closed in 1976. It has since been used for a variety of commercial and institutional purposes.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Old White Mill, also known as Sterling Mill and Pinnock Mill, is a historic grist mill located at Meshoppen, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1852, and is a 5 1/2-story, banked frame structure. It measures 51 by, sits on a stone foundation, and has a gable roof. It contains original milling equipment.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Bridge in Gibson Borough near South Gibson, Pennsylvania was a stone false arch bridge over Bell Creek, north of its confluence with Tunkhannock Creek. It was constructed sometime between 1750 and 1824 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was a type of false arch clapper bridge or stone slab bridge on corbelled stone supports. From the corners of the wing walls it measured 58 by 25 feet.</p><br>
<p>It was located in Gibson Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania north of the unincorporated town of South Gibson. The meaning of "Gibson Borough" in the National Register listing is unclear.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was reported as "demolished" to the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in December 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Stone Arch Bridge, located near the intersection East Springfield Avenue and South Second Street in Champaign, Illinois was built in 1860. In c.2010, it was integrated into the design of the Boneyard Creek Second Street Basin, a flood control facility and recreational amenity which is located between First and Second Streets and Springfield and University Avenues.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Stone Arch Bridge is a bridge in Danville, Illinois, which carries USA Route 136  across Stony Creek. The segmental arch bridge is 92 ft long and built with sandstone. The bridge was built in the 1890s to facilitate Danville&#39;s expansion during an industrial boom. As various geographic and political limitations prevented the city from expanding in any directions but east and southeast, the city grew over Stony Creek, necessitating a new bridge. Mayor John Beard commissioned the bridge; during the 1890s, Beard and political rival John Cannon clashed over many issues, and Beard most likely built the bridge to demonstrate his political effectiveness. The bridge is the only segmented arch bridge remaining in east-central Illinois and is one of five stone arch bridges in the region.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Susquehanna County Courthouse Complex, also known as the Susquehanna County Courthouse & Jail, is an historic, American courthouse complex that is located in Montrose, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. The complex consists of four contributing buildings, one contributing site , and four contributing objects , an early surveyors marker, and a 1930s Veterans memorial).</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This complex is located on a four-acre plot that was donated to Montrose for public use in 1853. The original section of the courthouse was built in 1854-1855, and is a three bay by seven bay, two-story brick structure in the Greek Revival style. It features a pedimented portico with fluted Ionic order columns and five bay arcade at the first level. It has a shallow gable roof topped by an octagonal cupola. The building has been expanded five times; in 1883, 1902, 1950, 1954, and 1982. The original jail was built in 1853, with a brick addition made in 1973. It is a two-story, rectangular stone structure now known as the Susquehanna County Courthouse Annex. Appended to the Annex is a two-story brick building built in 1925, and originally a part of a now demolished school. The Jail of 1867-1868 is a three-story, stone building measuring 48 feet by 64 feet, and topped by a distinctive cupola. It has a red brick extension with stone trim and flat-topped and rounded windows.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Dimmsville Covered Bridge was a historic covered bridge located near Dimmsville, Greenwood Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania. It was a Burr Truss bridge. It measures 100 ft and had vertical siding, windows at eave level, and a gable roof. It crossed Cocolamus Creek.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The bridge collapsed on April 11, 2017 after years of neglect.</p><br>
